Understanding the Science of Biology Article(Kraig Alder)

1. What is the difference between science in the 17th and 18th century and science now?

2. Contrast the static vs the dynamic view of science.

3. What suprised you about Alder's definitions of fact, law and truth?

4. How does the scientific definition of law differ from the legislative view?

Ch. 1 Study Guide

1. What are 8 characteristics which all living things have in common?

2. What are the two different types of cells?

Ch 2 Study guide:

Answer in complete sentences on your own paper:

1. What are the two principle types of molecules in plasma membranes?

2.  What are the principal functions of cell membranes?

3.  Define hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic. What would the fate be of three red blood cells, each one immersed in one of the former solutions?

4. An artificial cell was created using dialysis tubing. The cell contained  0.03M sucrose and 0.02M glucose.  The environment around the cell contained 0.01M sucrose, 0.01M glucose and 0.01 fructose. The membrane is permeable to water and simple sugars, but completely impermeable to the disaccharide sucrose.
 

•                 Which solute(s) will exhibit a net diffusion into the cell?

•                 Which solutes will exhibit a net diffusion out of the cell?

•                 Which solution( the cell contents or the environment) is hypertonic?

•                 In which direction will there be a net osmotic movement of water.

5. Many cultivated fields in California require heavy irrigation. Over the years, most of the water has evaporated from the soil, leaving behind all of the irrigation water's solutes. What kinds of problems might the altered soil condition cause for plants?

In hospitals, solutions of glucose having a concentration of 0.3M glucose  can be infused directly into the bloodstream of patients. Solutions of sodium chloride can also be infused, but only if they have a concentration of 0.15M. Only isotonic solutions can be infused safely into the blood. If that is true, how can you explain the difference in the molarity of the two solutions?
 

1.  What is the ultimate energy source for most organisms on Earth?

2. Define metabolism. What role do enzymes play in metabolism? 

3. What is activation energy? How do catalysts affect activation energy? How does this change the rate of reactions?

4. The subunits of virtually all organic molecules are joined by condensation reactions and can be broken apart by hydrolysis reactions.  Why,  does your  digestive tract have separate enzyme to digest proteins, fats and carbohydrates-and, in fact, several of each type?

5. When a brown bear eats a salmon, does the bear acquire all the energy contained in the body of the fish? Why or why not? What implications does this have for the relative abundance, by weight, of predators and their prey?  Use the second law of thermodynamics to explain why large predators, such as bears, are so rare.

6. Contrast the active site and allosteric site on an enzyme.

Ch 7 SG

2.     Describe the process of chemiosmosis in chloroplasts, trace the flow of energy from sunlight to ATP.

3 & 4 do Applying the concepts # 1 & 2 on page 128 in your text.

Answer the following in complete sentences.
  Pg 145

• Review questions #2-3 & 6
  
• Applying the concepts # 2 & 3
  

A total of 5 questions.